Technodiversity Glossary

• Harvester standing on skid road
• Gripping into stand to fell tree (or in front to open up new skid road)
• pre-skid full tree by lifting the crane
• processing in front of machine, storing along skid road 

Functiogram

• Very highly productive
• Good working site
• Very low damage in stand because of upright pre-skidding and cross-cutting directly at the skid road = before the first curve has to be taken

• Distance of skid
• Roads not more than 2x reach of crane
• Coniferous trees or younger broadleaved trees

• Standard method on sites, which are accessible for wheeled machines
• With  roads or with traction-line also in steep terrain

Economic suitability:

Example:

• machine costs without personal costs: 160,00 Euro/h
• personal costs per person: 35,00 Euro/h
• number of persons: 1
• in total: 195,00 Euro/h
• regression line minutes per tree
  • b₀ = 0,5
  • b₁ (tree volume) = 2,3

Ecological suitability:

Ecograms

Social suitability:

• S-class: no contact with forest road -> S5
• E-class: advanced machine work -> E4

Brunberg T. 1997. Basic data for productivity norms for single-grip harvesters in thinning. The Forestry Research Institute of Sweden, Report 8/1997. 18 p. (In Swedish, English summary)

Brunberg T. 1995. Basic data for productivity norms for heavy-duty single-grip harvesters in final felling. The Forestry Research Institute of Sweden, Report 7/1995. 22 p. (In Swedish, English summary)

Emeyriat R., Picorit C., Reuling D., 1997. Perspectives of mechanised harvesting of maritime pine. Information Forèt, AFOCEL, Paris. Fiche 561, 6 p. (In French).

Glöde D. 1999. Single- and double-grip harvesters: productive measurements in final cutting of shelterwood. Journal of Forest Engineering 10 (2): 63-74.

Hǻnell B., Nordfjell T., Eliasson L. 2000. Productivity and costs in shelterwood harvesting. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 15 (5): 561-569.

Kärhä K., Rönkkö E., Gumse S. 2004. Productivity and cutting costs of thinning harvesters. International Journal of Forest Engineering 15 (2): 43-56.

Nakagawa M., Hamatsu J., Saitou T., Ishida H. 2007. Effects of tree size on productivity and time required for work elements in selective thinning by a harvester. International Journal of Forest Engineering 18 (2): 24-28.

Nurminen T., Korpunen H., Uusitalo J. 2006. Time consumption analysis of mechanized cut-to-length harvesting systems. Silva Fennica 40 (2): 335-363.

Purfürst F. 2007. Human influences on harvest operations. Proceedings of Austro 2007/FORMEC’07 “Meeting the Needs of Tomorrows’ Forests – New Development in Forest Engineering” October 7-11 2007, Vienna and Heiligenkreuz, Austria. 9 p.

Sirén M., Aaltio. 2003. Productivity and costs of thinning harvesters and harvester-forwarders. International Journal of Forest Engineering 14 (1): 39-48.

 Spinelli R., Magagnotti N., Nati C. 2009 Options for the mechanised processing of hardwood trees in Mediterranean forests. International Journal of Forest Engineering 20 (1): 39-44

Spinelli R., Owende P., Ward S. 2002. Productivity and cost of CTL harvesting of Eucalyptus globulus stands using excavator-based harvesters. Forest Products Journal 52 (1): 67-77.

 Spinelli, R., Hartsough, B., Magagnotti, N. (2010) Productivity standards for harvesters and processors in Italy. Forest Products Journal 60 (3), pp. 226-235.